Pharmaceutical water is usually produced by distillation, ion exchange, RO or other reasonable technologies, and there is not addtives in the permeate water at all..

We usually use the following three technologies to produce purified water:

Two stage RO

One stage RO + mixed bed(demineralization)

One stage RO + EDI

Reverse osmosis

Natural osmosis occurs when a semi-permeable membrane separates two fluids of different salinity. The fluid with the lower salinity will pass through the membrane until the salt solution becomes equal on both sides of the membrane.

Reverse osmosis （RO）is the reverse of normal osmosis process，it occurs when the water is forced by pressure from higher salinity solution to permeated water side across a semi-permeable membrane，the memebrane allows the passage of water, but not impurities, organics, ions etc. The rejection rate can usually reach above 97％, and the highest will reach 99.8％

The contaminants such as inorganic salt, bacterias,virus, glucides,amino acid will be removed through RO system. The processed water can meet the standards of“Chinese Pharmacopoeia” .

We use the membrane elements ESPA series from Hydranautics Company featuring high performance, ultra low pressure needs, high productivity and energy savings, 4 inches and 8 inches elements have been frenquently used.

The Operating Conditions of Two Stage RO System

Spefications of JNB Two Stage RO system